<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" version="2.0"><channel><title>IRIN - United Arab Emirates</title><link>http://www.irinnews.org/irin-fp.aspx</link><description>Updated everyday</description><language>en-gb</language><lastBuildDate>Mon, 02 Apr 2012 16:30:45 GMT</lastBuildDate><item><title>DISASTERS: Over 50 million affected in Muslim world in 2011</title><pubDate>Mon, 02 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201110191145450734t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 02 April 2012 (IRIN) - The Muslim world is increasingly in the “eye of the cyclone”, with disasters and crises affecting tens of millions of people in Muslim countries last year, a senior official with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) told a humanitarian conference in Dubai. </description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 02 April 2012 (IRIN) - The Muslim world is increasingly in the “eye of the cyclone”, with disasters and crises affecting tens of millions of people in Muslim countries last year, a senior official with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) told a humanitarian conference in Dubai.  

In 2011, 38 of the 57 OIC member countries and 55 million people were affected by “disasters and chronic emergencies”, Atta Elmanan Bakhit, OIC assistant secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, said at the Dubai International Humanitarian Aid & Development Conference & Exhibition. [ www.dihad.org ] Disasters brought a total financial loss of US$68 billion in those Muslim countries, he said, quoting figures that will be published in OIC’s annual report, to be released later this month.  

These numbers do not include political crises, namely the Arab Spring, and are tabulated based on information from member states. They are up from 2010 when 36 countries and 48 million people were affected, with $53 billion in losses, according to an OIC survey.  

“In the Muslim world now, we have regularly a lot of disasters,” Bakhit said, adding that the OIC has had no choice but to start playing a larger role in humanitarian affairs.  The OIC is active in coordinating humanitarian assistance in Somalia, where it has access [ http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?indepthid=91&reportid=94010 ] in many areas Western aid workers do not; and along with the UN, the OIC accompanied the government in the first humanitarian assessment [ http://www.irinnews.org/Report/95102/SYRIA-Aid-workers-give-cautious-welcome-to-start-of-humanitarian-assessment ] of areas affected by the unrest in Syria.  ha/cb]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=95226</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201110191145450734t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 02 April 2012 (IRIN) - The Muslim world is increasingly in the “eye of the cyclone”, with disasters and crises affecting tens of millions of people in Muslim countries last year, a senior official with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) told a humanitarian conference in Dubai. </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Call for educational reform to create &quot;knowledge society&quot;</title><pubDate>Thu, 15 Mar 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201103151326060715t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 15 March 2012 (IRIN) - If the Arab Spring is to have any lasting impact, education must top the priority list of post-revolutionary reforms in the Arab world, experts said yesterday at the launch of the 2010-2011 Arab Knowledge Report in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 15 March 2012 (IRIN) - If the Arab Spring is to have any lasting impact, education must top the priority list of post-revolutionary reforms in the Arab world, experts said yesterday at the launch of the 2010-2011 Arab Knowledge Report in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). 
 
"[Arab countries] will have no alternative but to tackle this issue," said Amat Al Alim Alsoswa, assistant secretary-general and director of the Regional Bureau for Arab States at the UN Development Programme (UNDP). "If you talk about any kind of reform - political, judicial - education is an integral part of it. Otherwise, it will be an artificial reform," she told IRIN at the sidelines of the event in Dubai. 
 
The Arab Knowledge Report (AKR), published by UNDP and the UAE-based Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation, called for action to better enable the region's youth to participate in the so-called "knowledge society" and move beyond the poverty and unemployment that led to mass demonstrations and the toppling of several governments last year.
 
According to some estimates, more than 60 percent of the population of Arab countries is under the age of 25. 
 
But the potential of Arab youth has so far been limited by weak corporate governance, high rates of corruption, weak indicators of freedom, absence of democracy, increasing rates of poverty and unemployment, restrictions on women's freedom and the failure of economic reforms to achieve social justice and provide youth employment opportunities, the report said.
 
The report found that the Arab world continues to lag behind, with a "sharp drop" in cognitive skills among youth, including problem-solving, written communication, use of technology, and the ability to search for information. The average student scored 33 out of 100 in these areas. 
 
Other statistics are equally scathing: In 2007, 29 percent of Arabs above the age of 15 were illiterate, compared to 16 percent globally; in 2010, 19 percent of Arab children under 6 had access to public childcare centres, compared to 41 percent globally; and Arab students continued to rank poorly in international exams. The region has seen an exponential growth in internet use, but remains below the global average in terms of its exploitation. 
 
The Arab Spring changed some of that - youth clearly used technology to communicate their message, and in many countries their protests have led to a freer and more democratic environment. (Broadening freedom of thought was one of the main recommendations of the 2009 Arab Knowledge Report. [ http://content.undp.org/go/newsroom/2009/october/the-arab-knowledge-report-2009-towards-productive-intercommunication-for-knowledge.en ]) But this year's report warns that Arab countries need to do more to take advantage of the openings provided by the Arab Spring. 
 
The Arab world must develop the infrastructure for information technology; encourage innovation; create an investment-friendly environment; focus on social, political and economic reforms; and improve education. 
 
Education neglected intentionally?
 
For a long time, observers say, many Arab governments intentionally neglected education because they thought that an uneducated public would be less likely to rebel. 
 
Shortcomings in the education system were also due to a "culture of silence", Hassan El Bilawi, professor of the sociology of education at Helwan Unviersity in Cairo, told the audience at the launch. "We have before us a cultural challenge - we are suffering from cultural backwardness. Many changes took place in the Arab world but they have not been related to the methodology of teaching or the culture of schools. We have to make sweeping reforms," he said. 
 
Past reforms have been seen as a "technical task" entrusted to bureaucrats in Arab ministries of education, without the support of state policies or civil society, said Moudi Al Homud, former minister of education of Kuwait. "Consequently, we have failed." She urged governments to move beyond the "cosmetics" of educational reform. 
 
But Ghaith Fariz, director of the report, said the knowledge gap is due to more than just poor education. 
 
"It's an issue that involves all sectors of the society. It's much beyond education. Civil society has a role. Family has a role," he told IRIN. Intellectual property rights is another area, for instance, in which "we, as Arabs, are basically absent." 
 
Participants at the report's launch also highlighted the importance of youth being involved in finding solutions. 
 
"If we take the lead, we will destroy what the youth have done," said one participant from Jordan. "The youth have to define the next steps." 
 
ha/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=95075</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201103151326060715t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 15 March 2012 (IRIN) - If the Arab Spring is to have any lasting impact, education must top the priority list of post-revolutionary reforms in the Arab world, experts said yesterday at the launch of the 2010-2011 Arab Knowledge Report in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: The year that was</title><pubDate>Wed, 04 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201109211220490031t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 04 January 2012 (IRIN) - When hundreds of thousands of people across the Arab world poured into the streets in 2011 to demand freedom from dictatorship, they set in motion a series of events which not only created humanitarian needs in countries that were otherwise relatively stable, but also exacerbated existing humanitarian and developmental challenges.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 04 January 2012 (IRIN) - When hundreds of thousands of people across the Arab world poured into the streets in 2011 to demand freedom from dictatorship, they set in motion a series of events which not only created humanitarian needs in countries that were otherwise relatively stable, but also exacerbated existing humanitarian and developmental challenges.
 
 “Despite the fact that the Arab Spring may have brought hopes for freedom, democracy and better living conditions, it has not been without cost,” said Abdul Haq Amiri, head of the UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in the Middle East.
 
 Here are the top 10 humanitarian consequences of a momentous year in the region, focusing on Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen. 
 
 Lives lost 
 
 2011 began with an 18-day uprising against former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak which left more than 800 people dead and over 6,000 injured. By year end, sporadic clashes between protesters, security forces and “thugs” had killed at least another 81 people and injured hundreds more. 
 
 In Syria, a crackdown against demonstrators demanding President Bashar el-Assad step down led to more than 5,000 dead - though the number is constantly changing. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93772 ] 
 
 In Yemen, at least 2,700 protesters, tribal supporters, defected soldiers and government-aligned army members and policemen have been killed in what began as peaceful protests against President Ali Abdullah Saleh but increasingly involved an armed opposition. Some 24,000 others were injured since the protest movement broke out in the first week of February, according to the NGO Dar al-Salam.
 
 Former rebels in Libya estimate the war there killed 50,000 people. 
 
 Displacement 
 
 Thousands fled Syria for Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93129 ] due to fighting between government forces and protesters, supported by army defectors. The economic situation of many host families in Lebanon was strained, and Syrians were attacked along and across the border, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94230 ] leaving them vulnerable not only in their home country but also when seeking refuge. 
 
 So-called sectarian clashes in Egypt, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93937 ] as well as a series of attacks on Coptic Christian churches, led as many as 100,000 Christians to flee the country in the months that followed the revolution, according to a local NGO. 
 
 In Libya, many people were unable to return to their homes because of the heavy damage and sensitive politics. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94332 ] 
 
 Iraq prepared for an influx of returnees from places affected by instability. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=92748 ]
 
 Migration 
 
 The Arab Spring both affected the millions of migrants already in the Middle East and North Africa when uprisings erupted across the region; and also created new migration flows. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=92186 ] 
 
 In Libya, sub-Saharan African migrants were accused of fighting alongside former leader Muammar Gaddafi and targeted by rebel forces. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93763 ] Hundreds of thousands of migrants left Libya during the war, in many cases returning to communities that did not have the capacity to support them. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93769 ] 
 
 In Egypt, migrants returning from Libya came home to a difficult reality [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94128 ] and heightened nationalism led to violence and discrimination against foreigners, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94294 ] including migrants and refugees. 
 
 Despite a host of problems in Yemen, Somali and Ethiopian refugees and migrants continued streaming into the country in unprecedented numbers, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94173 ] often accused of being a party to the conflict between Saleh and the protesters trying to oust him.
 
 Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Yemenis illegally entered neighbouring Saudi Arabia in search of work. Saudi authorities say they detained 239,000 illegal immigrants in 2011, up 37 percent on the year before. 
 
 Access to health care 
 
 The often-violent crackdown on protests in Egypt’s Tahrir Square led to a shortage of vital medicines in pharmacies [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93450 ] and a sharp drop in blood donors. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93264 ] Amid the security vacuum that followed Mubarak’s departure, hospitals became dangerous places. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94299 ]
 
 In certain parts of Yemen, vaccination rates decreased by 20-40 percent as a result of the country's political and economic challenges. Hospitals struggled to cope [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93794 ] with increased demand among protesters. Health care facilities were barely functioning and access remained limited due to a lack of security, leading some health workers to flee their hospitals and clinics. Military presence in and around hospitals in Yemen led some wounded to seek treatment in private clinics. 
 
 Similarly in Syria, activists said they were afraid to take wounded protesters to hospitals, for fear they would be arrested by security forces there. 
 
 In Libya, the severely wounded had a hard time reaching hospitals [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93627 ] and the government struggled to secure medical treatment for the war-wounded abroad. 
 
 Access to education
 
 The unrest in the region set back the likelihood that many countries would achieve the Millennium Development Goals for education [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=92091 ] by 2015. 
 
 In Egypt, nationwide demonstrations and repeated confrontations between demonstrators and military policemen forced several schools and educational institutions to close, while parents complained that their children were attacked by thugs on their way to school. Some rights groups said criminals used arms to take money from schoolchildren.
 
 In Yemen, hundreds of thousands of children stayed at home because their schools were either housing displaced people [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93688 ] or being used as army barracks. 
 
 In the Syrian city of Homs [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94529 ] a school came under attack. 
 
 On the positive side, the children of displaced Syrians in Lebanon were able to enrol in public schools in northern Lebanon.
 
 Access to basic services 
 
 Yemen faced acute water and power outages. By year end, the price of water-trucking had risen to US$8 per cubic metre in some places, 2-3 times more than in March 2011. The power went out for more than 20 hours a day in most of the country's main cities, including the capital Sana'a, due to repeated attacks on the national grid. 
 
 Some areas of Libya went without water and electricity for months due to severe damage to infrastructure; and activists in Syria said water and electricity were cut from certain cities for days at a time before and during military operations.
 
 Economy 
 
 Across the region, the Arab Spring led to higher food and fuel prices, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=92682 ] less availability of certain products on the market, people losing their jobs, enterprises going out of business, and investors being wary. The economies of Egypt, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94414 ] Syria [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94077 ] and Yemen [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94482 ] were particularly hard hit. Libya’s oil production dropped significantly and it had trouble accessing funds frozen under sanctions against Gaddafi. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94394 ]
 
 Food security 
 
 The devastated economies forced families to make difficult choices. In Yemen, where one third of people did not have enough to eat before the crisis, aid workers warned of shocking malnutrition figures. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94533 ]
 
 The price of basic food commodities in Yemen increased by 43 percent on average over the course of 2011, in a country where families spend 30-35 percent of their daily income on bread. 
 
 The Studies and Economic Media Center, a local think tank, warned that the number of food-insecure people increased from seven million to nine million in 2011 because of the unrest. 
 
 In Syria, the government made cash payments [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=91999 ] to thousands of vulnerable families to stem food insecurity.
 
 The Egyptian government was incapable of maintaining the bread subsidy that many poor Egyptians rely on, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=92682 ] and there were signs of increasing malnutrition in Upper Egypt.
 
 Proliferation of weapons
 
 Weapons proliferation increased in the region, especially in Libya, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94559 ] where an estimated 120,000 fighters needed to be demobilized; and surprisingly, in places like Egypt, [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94308 ] where citizens purchased small arms to defend their families. An increasing number of army defectors led to a more violent Arab Spring in Yemen [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=94000 ] and in Syria, where the UN resident coordinator in September warned of the risk of civil war. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93816 ]
 
 In Yemen, less government control has led tribesmen to break into military camps, looting small, medium and heavy arms. 
 
 Aid delivery 
 
 Insecurity and the spread of conflict in several areas of Yemen hindered access of humanitarian actors and made aid delivery even more complex. [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93883 ] 
 
 Syria has been virtually off-limits for aid workers and certain areas of Libya remained inaccessible for months due to fighting during the war. 
 
 According to one UN official, the unrest in the region caused some Gulf countries to cut some of their foreign spending and refocus funds internally, to appease the local population and avoid uprisings in their own countries. The Palestinian Authority, for example, complained of decreased donor funding: [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93550 ]
 
 ae/ay/jg/ha/cb
 
 ]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=94581</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201109211220490031t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 04 January 2012 (IRIN) - When hundreds of thousands of people across the Arab world poured into the streets in 2011 to demand freedom from dictatorship, they set in motion a series of events which not only created humanitarian needs in countries that were otherwise relatively stable, but also exacerbated existing humanitarian and developmental challenges.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>Analysis: Arab and Muslim aid and the West - “two china elephants”*</title><pubDate>Wed, 19 Oct 2011 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201109050602160616t.jpg" />]]>KUWAIT CITY/DUBAI 19 October 2011 (IRIN) - Among the aid agencies that poured into Somalia after famine was declared in July were organizations such as the Arab Federation of Doctors, the Mohammed Bin Rashid Establishment of the United Arab Emirates, and the Deniz Feneri Association of Turkey.</description><body><![CDATA[KUWAIT CITY/DUBAI 19 October 2011 (IRIN) - Among the aid agencies that poured into Somalia after famine was declared in July were organizations such as the Arab Federation of Doctors, the Mohammed Bin Rashid Establishment of the United Arab Emirates, and the Deniz Feneri Association of Turkey.
 
 They came with their own style. 
 
 The Saudi National Campaign for the Relief of the Somali People, [ http://www.saudiembassy.net/press-releases/press08221101.aspx ] a project of King Abdullah, sent planeloads of food, including jam and cheese. The International Islamic Relief Organization (IIRO) sent 600 tons of dates. Turkey’s IHH (Foundation for Human Rights, Freedoms and Humanitarian Relief) even ventured outside Mogadishu into territory considered a no-go zone for most international aid organizations because it is not under government control. 
 
 They also came with a lot of money. 
 
 In an emergency meeting in August, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), pledged US$350 million for Somalia - “numbers we dream of”, one UN aid worker in Mogadishu said - though it is still unclear how much of this is new funding.
 
 Turkey says [ http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/10/the_tears_of_somalia ] it has collected more than $280 million for the Somali effort,  while Saudi Arabia’s contribution to UN agencies alone was $60 million, and Kuwait, a country of 3.5 million, contributed $10 million. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Office for Coordination of Foreign Aid, too, received confirmation of $62 million in contributions to the Horn of Africa emergency.
 
 Gulf countries were able to raise funds with remarkable speed and ease. In the span of three hours, a TV telethon in Qatar raised nearly 25 million riyals ($6.8 million). In a couple of weeks, Kuwait’s International Islamic Charitable Organization (IICO), raised 80,000 dinars ($290,000) in cash by asking for donations in malls, while aid telethons in the UAE reportedly raised an additional $50 million for the Horn of Africa.

 With many Western donors cutting budgets amid fears of another recession, this region has gained influence in aid, especially in countries with large Muslim populations. Both in terms of funds and action on the ground, the effort in Somalia has put Muslim and Arab donors and organizations onto centre stage. 

 But their relationship with the broader humanitarian system has been limited at the best of times, and rocky at the worst. For example, most OIC funds for Somalia are not being channelled through multilateral mechanisms, like the UN-administered Consolidated Appeals Process. [ http://ochaonline.un.org/cap2006/webpage.asp?Page=1243 ]
 
 Players from the region say they are accustomed to working on their own - due to a history of mutual mistrust, a lack of awareness on both sides, and a perception by some Muslims and Arabs that they are better placed to help under certain circumstances.
 
 The UN is now actively trying to improve that relationship, but the road to cooperation and coordination faces many challenges.
 
 How did we get here? 
 
 The history of mutual mistrust between the predominantly Western aid system and its counterpart in the Muslim and Arab world is long, say analysts. 
 
 “These are two china elephants looking at each other,” said Abdel-Rahman Ghandour, development and humanitarian worker, and author of Humanitarian Jihad: Investigation into Islamic NGOs. “They see each other; they know that they’re there; but they can’t move towards each other,” he told IRIN.
 
 Some Muslim aid workers see in the UN system a certain arrogance. “They don’t want to understand us,” one Muslim aid worker said. Others speak of undertones of neo-colonialism in the way aid is delivered and in the relationship between the Muslim aid community and its Western-dominated counterpart.

 “They only involve us when it suits them,” the aid worker told IRIN. Often, he added, they are invited to meetings and conferences as “an afterthought”. 
 
 “You feel you’re being used like window dressing,” he said. “Things are hatched and cooked in the West and then brought to people to eat.” 
 
 Some NGOs from the Arab and Muslim world are afraid of being “swallowed up” by the UN system and don’t feel confident they can engage with the UN on an equal footing. 
 
 “It’s not about experience,” one Arab aid worker said. “The UN has the experience and the upper hand when it comes to everything - information, communication, movement on the ground. There’s no question. But to give them money and let them implement activities, we have to rest assured that we’ll like what comes out in our name.” 
 
 He called for a kind of code of ethics or framework of understanding that would outline what both sides mean by certain fundamental principles and outline boundaries of action.
 
 For example, terms like women’s empowerment need to be defined, he said. “How we understand it is not how the UN understands it,” he added. Organizations from this part of the world would fear partnering with the UN if women’s empowerment is understood to mean “removing the hijab [covering a woman’s hair], destroying the family institution and throwing religion out the window.” 
 
 Some aid workers and donors from the Muslim and Arab world are also sceptical of the real motivations behind the Western system’s desire to partner with them.
 
 “Everyone knows they’re [engaging with us] for the money, not for unity,” another Muslim aid worker said. “Islamic NGOs were a black box that nobody wanted to touch,” he said. “Then they [the UN] realized they were missing out.”
 
 Others do not easily differentiate between the UN Security Council, which has authorized Western interventions into Muslim countries and is seen to be unwilling to tackle the Palestinian question, and humanitarian aid agencies like the World Food Programme (WFP) or the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
 
 For these reasons, many Red Crescent societies in the region, according to one senior aid worker, sometimes try to avoid working with the UN system. “We try to coordinate with - and not be coordinated by - the UN because of neutrality issues,” he told IRIN. “The UN is not considered to be a neutral organization, especially in a conflict set-up.”
 
 Technical standards
 
 Some Muslim organizations have been doing emergency relief work for decades. But many others had until recently focused more on developmental work - building schools and mosques or helping orphans. 
 
 And they have ramped up activities. The Qatar Red Crescent, for example, has seen its annual international budget jump from less than $250,000 to more than $45 million in the last decade, according to Khaled Diab, its international cooperation adviser. Turkish NGO IHH, which used to operate projects of $600-700,000 dollars a year for the Horn of Africa has increased its budget to more than $20 million – one of its biggest campaigns ever, according to its vice-president, Hüseyin Oruç.
 
 But the UN and the broader humanitarian system have their reservations too. And with the influx of programming have come some clashes of ideology. 
 
 “Their awareness and subscription to commonly-understood best practice isn’t necessarily there,” one senior Western aid worker said of NGOs from the region, citing neglect of environmental impact or nutritional balance as examples. Distributing powdered milk, for example, is no good in an area where there is no clean water, while dates are not ideal in cases of malnutrition because they are high in sugar, low in nutrition, and hard to digest.
 
 Other humanitarians say aid workers from the region do not follow normal security procedures. The aid worker in Mogadishu told IRIN that many of them have a “naïve view” that “nobody would hurt a fellow Muslim”.
 
 “I worry we’ll see a Muslim aid worker being shot,” the Mogadishu aid worker said. “It’s a huge concern for all of us.”
 
 Lack of coordination?
 
 There are also complaints about lack of coordination. The Red Crescent societies, said one aid worker, send in piles of goods without coordinating with the humanitarian community or checking the needs outlined in the Consolidated Appeals Process. 
 
 Planeloads of food arrive from the Gulf - much of the assistance from the region comes in the form of food aid - and “we have no idea where it goes,” the Mogadishu aid worker said. Much of it is sold by its recipients on the open market because the value of some of the food, like jam and cheese, is so high, he added.
 
 The 9/11 attacks also affected the relationship. 
 
 “A lot of Western charities are still afraid of being associated with Islamic charities because of the stigma that hangs over their heads since September 11th,” the author, Ghandour, said.
  
 US laws about the financing of “terror” have further complicated [ http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93887 ] the relationship between Muslim charities and the West because NGOs working in designated “terrorist” countries, like Iran and Burma, or areas controlled by organizations like militant group al-Shabab - deemed a “terrorist” organization by the US - fear being accused of complicity and so keep quiet about their activities. 
 
 Financial transactions to fund work in these areas through the conventional banking system are not possible and the movement of large sums of cash could create problems with some governments.
 
 “They can’t afford to be transparent,” said Haroun Atallah, finance and service director at UK-based Islamic Relief Worldwide. “How do you expect them to be transparent if it could come back and bite them?”
 
 Some Muslim and Arab NGOs see close dealings with the UN as possibly jeopardizing their access in al-Shabab areas, and so they keep their distance. 
 
 Understanding each other
 
 But observers say mutual mistrust stems from a lack of insight on both sides. 
 
 “There is still a lack of in-depth knowledge and understanding about the culture of emerging donors towards giving,” according to the Global Public Policy Institute (GPPi), which is currently researching the universality of humanitarian donorship. [ http://www.gppi.net/approach/research/truly_universal/ ]
 
 Part of the reluctance on the part of Muslim organizations to broadcast their actions comes from a culture that sees charity as something private and humble - that should not be paraded in front of everyone for recognition. 
 
 “We do things without saying that we’re doing it. It is part of Islamic culture,” said Naeema Hassan al-Gasseer, a native of Bahrain and assistant regional director of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the Eastern Mediterranean.
 
 Similarly, many NGOs from the Muslim world do not understand the UN. Acronyms like UNHCR and WFP can be unfamiliar terms. One Muslim aid worker described the UN as having a “branding problem”. Many aid workers from the region have never heard of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) - charged with coordination of all aid in emergencies - and have no idea what its cluster system is.
 
 “We have become, as a system, so jargonized, so inward looking in terms of how our system works, that hardly anyone else understands it,” Ghandour said. 
 
 “The discussions about humanitarian assistance are still taking place in rather exclusive clubs,” GPPi research associate Claudia Meier told IRIN. 
 
 And “if you want to be a member of that, you need to play by the same rules and speak the same language,” Ghandour said. “Not everyone has the will or capacity to do it.” 
 
 UN officials acknowledge, for example, that few senior UN staff speak Arabic. 
 
 Coordination has also been a challenge logistically. In Saudi Arabia, for example, “it’s difficult to identify who is responsible for which decisions, because decisions are usually taken at very high levels, usually at the Office of the King, known as the Royal Court,” Meier said, based on the Institute’s case study on Saudi Arabia. [ http://www.gppi.net/approach/research/truly_universal/saudi_arabia_and_humanitarian_assistance/ ]
 
 At the field level, many Muslim aid workers are willing to coordinate, but simply don’t know how to do so. 
 
 The Mogadishu example
 
 Mogadishu is an example of the complexity of the relationship. There, the OIC has opened a coordination office and created an alliance of 27 organizations that operate across the country, including areas in the south controlled by al-Shabab.
 
 The OIC conducts agency meetings and has set up a mini-cluster system - with the Arab Medical Union (also known as the Arab Federation of Doctors) leading work in the health sector and the Qatar Red Crescent leading the food distribution effort.
 
 While OCHA has expressed its satisfaction with the move, some UN officials told IRIN of a concern - especially at headquarters - that the OIC is trying to create a parallel coordination structure. 
 
 But the OIC said it was not in competition with the UN. 
 
 “No one will say that we’ll do better than the UN in humanitarian [work],” Atta Elmanan Bakhit, OIC assistant secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, told IRIN. “You have the know-how. You have more means. You have more access. You have a long history in humanitarian [work]. The main [player] in humanitarian [work] will be always the UN.” 
 
 Ahmed Adam, head of the OIC’s Mogadishu office, said one of the aims of the OIC was to fill the gaps left by the UN with regard to inaccessibility of aid to certain areas of Somalia that are off-limits to international UN staff.
 
 “UN coordination is facing difficulties in covering most of the affected areas due to security challenges,” he told IRIN. “That is why we are trying to play a complementary role in order to improve the humanitarian activities. We are sharing information and challenges with OCHA in our regular meetings. The cooperation between the OIC and UN agencies is addressing the problems that the humanitarian actors are facing, particularly in this emergency period.” 
 
 Rapid growth 
 
 Addressing this coordination problem has become an increasing priority, given the recent explosion of involvement in aid by the region.
 
 “We are seeing a gradual but steadily increasing engagement by Middle Eastern countries in international humanitarian action, both as donors and as policy supporters,” said Robert Smith, chief of the Consolidated Appeals section at OCHA.
 
 In a shifting aid landscape [ http://www.irinnews.org/IndepthMain.aspx?reportid=94004&indepthid=91 ] that increasingly features non-Western states like Brazil and India, a collection of Arab donors (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman) account for nearly three-quarters of the contributions by countries not included in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee, giving more than $3.2 billion in aid in the last decade, according to a report [ http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/report/arab-donors ] by Development Initiatives, a research and advocacy organization. 
 
 “Gulf countries are leading an important new phase in humanitarian affairs,” Emergency Relief Coordinator and Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs Valerie Amos told an information sharing meeting in Kuwait in September, [ http://direct-aid.org/english/?p=1777 ] noting the humanitarian community was facing “unprecedented challenges - many in the Islamic world.”
 
 Many of the crises of recent years have affected Muslim people, including the Bam earthquake in Iran in 2003, the Southeast Asian tsunami of 2004, the Pakistan earthquake of 2005, the attack on Gaza in late 2008, and the flooding in Pakistan in 2010. In all of these crises, Muslim and Arab donors contributed significantly. 
 
 “These states want to position themselves regionally and in the international arena as contributors to the humanitarian effort, seeking recognition as rising - if not equal - powers on the world stage,” Meier said. 
 
 In 2008, the OIC created a humanitarian affairs department. The same year, the UAE created an Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid. Qatar has appointed a state minister for international cooperation. 
 
 In recent years, the UN’s efforts to engage this part of the world seemed to be paying off. 
 
 According to Smith, member states of the OIC have contributed $594 million to appeals for humanitarian aid to Muslim countries in the last decade.
 
 In a sign of increased willingness to channel funds into multilateral agencies, Saudi Arabia gave WFP half a billion dollars in 2008 during the global food crisis. In 2010, it was the largest single contributor - globally - to the Haiti emergency response fund, with $50 million. In 2011, Kuwait gave a record $675,000 to the Central Emergency Response Fund, whose advisory group it and Qatar are now members of. 
 
 Somalia changes aid dynamic?
 
 But the famine in parts of Somalia seemed to have changed the dynamic. If aid is counted as a percentage of GDP, several Middle Eastern countries have been more generous than so-called traditional donors, but contributions to the multilateral system have been limited. 
 
 The $60 million contributed by Saudi Arabia to WFP and WHO for the Somali crisis was “a start” according to WHO’s al-Gasseer, but was not the multilateral engagement UN agencies were hoping for.
 
 Of the $62 million UAE donors have reported to the government Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid as contributions to the Horn of Africa emergency, only $10,000 are recorded as having been channelled multilaterally, through the International Federation of the Red Cross. 
 
 Instead, observers say, competing powers like Qatar and Turkey have seen humanitarian involvement as an opportunity to pursue foreign policy interests and flex their muscles. In a recent article [ http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/10/the_tears_of_somalia ] in ForeignPolicy.com, Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan boasted of the more than $280 million worth of donations for Somalia that were collected in Turkey in the last month. 
 
 And in the midst of their efforts on the ground, coordination has not always been a priority. 
 “All the people on the ground are very busy,” Oruç of Turkey’s IHH told IRIN. “They couldn’t find time for cluster meetings.” 
 
 Others acknowledged that a culture of working with others simply did not exist: “It’s a new thinking, at least in the Gulf,” WHO’s al-Gasseer said. 
 
 She pointed to another problem as well: Charitable giving is a requirement in Islam, but people often want to give their zakat, or charity, to something tangible. 
 
 “Everybody we talk to [wants] to build hospitals, because hospitals are a physical, visible thing. And distributing medicine is something everybody likes,” she told IRIN. But in their rush, many of the NGOs and charities do not consider whether there are staff to man the hospitals, enough storage space, electricity, how materials will be distributed and to whom, she said. 
 
 In Somalia and Libya, she said, this has resulted in hospitals being built next to one another, medication expiring, and an excess of services in one area while others are neglected altogether. 
 
 “If we don’t take a serious step, the result will be very, very dangerous,” she told fellow Arab participants of the conference in Kuwait.
 
 Moving forward 
 
 Despite the challenges, there are renewed efforts now to reopen dialogue between both sides. NGOs from the region have acknowledged that they have lacked professionalism in the past. They believe their cultural and religious background gives them a unique ability to help, and have appealed to the UN to build their capacity. 
 
 “Arab and Muslim organizations have got the access which others do not have and the culture which others do not have. What we need is to equip them to become permanent international players,” Hany El-Banna told conference participants. He is head of the Humanitarian Forum, an organization that aims to improve dialogue between organizations from Muslim countries and their counterparts in the multilateral system. 
 
 “We need to learn from UN experience,” the OIC’s Bakhit added. “We need the help of UN. We cannot deny that.”
 
 “Greater inclusiveness would make the humanitarian system more legitimate,” GPPi wrote in its research. “It would also provide the humanitarian system with a broader range of cultural knowledge and thus support dignified and effective interaction with affected populations and governments.” 
 
 In the aftermath of the pro-democracy protests of the Arab Spring, such engagement is all the more important. 
 
 “The uprising in the Arab world requires new ways of thinking and working, greater collaboration with NGOs and civil society from the region and support from regional organizations such as the OIC and [League of Arab States],” Abdul Haq Amiri, head of OCHA’s regional Middle East and North Africa office, wrote in the July issue [ http://www.odihpn.org/report.asp?id=3222 ] of the Humanitarian Exchange magazine. 
 
 “We should make an effort to meet these organizations on their own terms, listen attentively to their interpretation of humanitarian affairs and, importantly, speak their language.” 

Please see IRIN's new in-depth: The rise of the "new" donors [ http://www.irinnews.org/InDepthMain.aspx?indepthid=91&reportid=94004 ]
 
 ha/eo/cb
 
]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=94010</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201109050602160616t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">KUWAIT CITY/DUBAI 19 October 2011 (IRIN) - Among the aid agencies that poured into Somalia after famine was declared in July were organizations such as the Arab Federation of Doctors, the Mohammed Bin Rashid Establishment of the United Arab Emirates, and the Deniz Feneri Association of Turkey.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Humanitarian aid best practice guidelines updated</title><pubDate>Mon, 27 Jun 2011 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201106271315410763t.jpg" />]]>ABU DHABI 27 June 2011 (IRIN) - The launch of an Arabic version of the 2011 Sphere Handbook, which sets out best practice in the delivery of humanitarian aid, comes at a time of major political, economic and social change across the Middle East and should help streamline humanitarian responses, say aid officials in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</description><body><![CDATA[ABU DHABI 27 June 2011 (IRIN) - The launch of an Arabic version of the 2011 Sphere Handbook, which sets out best practice in the delivery of humanitarian aid, comes at a time of major political, economic and social change across the Middle East and should help streamline humanitarian responses, say aid officials in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
 
“The Sphere Handbook has informed our response to various disaster situations, most recently those in Yemen, Pakistan and Libya,” Mohammed Khalifa Alqamzi, secretary-general of the UAE Red Crescent Authority, said during the launch in Abu Dhabi on 23 June.
 
The new Sphere Handbook [ http://www.sphereproject.org/content/view/738/32/lang,english/ ] is also available in Russian, Spanish, French and German.
 
During the launch of the revised English edition of the handbook in New York in April 2011, [ http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportID=92478 ] Valerie Amos, UN under-secretary-general and emergency relief coordinator, said: “The Sphere standards are the benchmark for ensuring humane and fair humanitarian assistance to people in need around the world… "I hope that all organizations that provide humanitarian aid will become familiar with the standards and use them," she added.
 
Speaking at the Arabic launch, Sultan Al Shamsi, executive director of the UAE Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid, said it was important for Arab donor organizations to apply agreed minimum standards in their relief operations. “[Arab] aid workers need to be aware of the mechanisms to deliver aid and to be accountable according to these internationally accepted standards,” he added. 
 
According to Khaled Khalifa, head of IRIN Dubai office and Sphere trainer, the “lack of specialized humanitarian studies in Arabic represents a major challenge for Arab aid workers who strive to embrace new theories and practices in the field. The Arabic edition of the Sphere handbook is a good tool which contributes to bridging this gap.”  
 
The Humanitarian Charter, which describes core principles that should govern humanitarian action, is the foundation of the handbook. The core principles include avoiding exposing vulnerable people to further harm as a result of response, ensuring their access to impartial aid, protecting them from physical and psychological harm due to violence or coercion and assisting them to claim their rights and recover from abuse.
 
az/hh/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=93083</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2011/201106271315410763t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">ABU DHABI 27 June 2011 (IRIN) - The launch of an Arabic version of the 2011 Sphere Handbook, which sets out best practice in the delivery of humanitarian aid, comes at a time of major political, economic and social change across the Middle East and should help streamline humanitarian responses, say aid officials in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Focus on domestic workers’ rights</title><pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201011291405430732t.jpg" />]]>DAMASCUS 30 November 2010 (IRIN) - The UN International Labour Organization (ILO) is encouraging the drafting of labour legislation to provide foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in the Middle East with legal protection.</description><body><![CDATA[DAMASCUS 30 November 2010 (IRIN) - The UN International Labour Organization (ILO) is encouraging the drafting of labour legislation to provide foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in the Middle East with legal protection.
 
 Arab trade unions agreed on a statement of principles, including the right to decent wages and union representation for FDWs, after a workshop in Beirut, Lebanon, earlier in November 2010. 
 
 “This was an important landmark,” Simel Esim, a gender expert at the ILO in Beirut, told IRIN. “There are some bylaws, decrees and standard unified contracts out there, but specific labour legislation for domestic workers that extends legal protection in a systematic and comprehensive manner is needed.”
 
 Esim said the growing number of FDWs, and the recent high-profile cases of abuse that had led some governments to ban their citizens from seeking domestic work in the Middle East, had focused attention on the issue.
 
 “The phenomenon [FDW] has taken off in recent years as family networks are taking on workers to help with social care, such as caring for elderly parents, people with disabilities and children,” said Esim. “But because domestic labour is in the home it has been largely unseen, or viewed as a private matter.”
 
 In 2009 Lebanon's Ministry of Labour dew up a standard unified contract for domestic workers, stipulating a maximum 10-hour workday and the right to six days of annual leave, among other conditions. In March 2010 Syria introduced a law specifying that only employment agencies registered with the government could operate. Only Jordan has comprehensive labour legislation covering FDWs.
 
 Apart from regional responses, a proposed ILO Convention to cover domestic workers worldwide is due to be debated in June 2011.
 
 Domestic labour is used worldwide but is especially widespread in the Middle East, where the ILO estimates there are 22 million FDWs, a third of whom are women. FDWs originate mainly from Asian and African countries, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Ethiopia.
 
 A range of abuse
 
 A Human Rights Watch report [ http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2010/04/28/slow-reform-0 ] in April 2010 said FDWs in the region faced a wide range of abuses. Many experienced poor working conditions, such as needing permission to leave the house, a lack of leave days, having their passports taken away and, in some cases, physical and emotional abuse. The report also noted that access to justice was limited.
 
 Experts said the recruitment system – known as kafala – in which an employing family sponsors the domestic worker, was the first issue that should be tackled.
 
 “The current system makes the worker entirely dependent on the employer, increasing the vulnerability of the worker to labour abuses,” said Esim. “The live-in arrangement for domestic workers is a challenge to monitoring what is going on in the workplace, i.e. the employer's home.”
 
 Advocacy for the rights of domestic workers has been weak, and the fact that many came from abroad posed a further challenge because they often did not have a national representative body and were not proficient in the language of the receiving country.
 
 “Today, temporary and precarious work is becoming more common, and this especially hurts women and migrant workers,” said Özen Eren, a labour expert at Texas Tech University in the US. “In a globalized world, political will to address the problems is often missing.”
 
 The ILO is also working with governments on other initiatives, including awareness literature, hotlines for FDWs, communal housing that would offer domestic workers an alternative to living in the employer’s home, and government bodies rather than private agencies to manage recruitment.
 
 “Governments, trade unions, and other civil society organizations in both the countries of origin and destination need to be more engaged,” said Esim. 
 
 “Private employment agencies are making a profit out of workers who are coming to the region to take care of the social care needs of households here. These … needs should be a part of social policies and programmes of the countries’ governments, rather than being left to private households.”
 
 sb/he
 
]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=91236</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201011291405430732t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DAMASCUS 30 November 2010 (IRIN) - The UN International Labour Organization (ILO) is encouraging the drafting of labour legislation to provide foreign domestic workers (FDWs) in the Middle East with legal protection.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Investing in early education</title><pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200910291056130296t.jpg" />]]>DAMASCUS 15 November 2010 (IRIN) - A new regional Early Childhood Centre offering facilities for pre-school children as well as training for child workers in Damascus, Syria, is hoping to boost the quality of pre-primary education in the Middle East.</description><body><![CDATA[DAMASCUS 15 November 2010 (IRIN) - A new regional Early Childhood Centre offering facilities for pre-school children as well as training for child workers in Damascus, Syria, is hoping to boost the quality of pre-primary education in the Middle East.

“The centre aims to strengthen national and regional capacity in a region where enrolment in pre-primary education, averaging 19 percent, remains well below the 41 percent world average,” said Therese Cregan, education programme coordinator at the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), in Beirut, Lebanon.

Early Childhood Development (ECD) is aimed at giving children the best possible start, focusing on the early years while the brain is rapidly developing. It involves pre-school education, but also skills such as language and social interaction. Healthy food and medical care are additional components.

The UN Children's Fund, UNICEF, says the number, quality and cost of pre-school facilities are the main obstacles to enrolment in Syria. "Most of the pre-school educational facilities are run by the private sector, are fairly expensive and do not contribute much in terms of educational development,” said Sherazade Boualia, representative of UNICEF in Syria.

The lack of educational development also stems from parents and educationalists who are often poorly informed about the importance of early stimulation that can be done at home, according to experts.

“What we've learnt about early development in the last 25 years is unknown in the region,” said Pablo Stansbery, head of global early childhood programmes at Save the Children, a UK-based charity. “These include simple things such as suggesting parents to talk to their children from a young age, or give their child a mobile to look at when they are lying down, rather than staring at a blank ceiling.”

ECD is vital to a child's future. Attending pre-school education is a strong indicator of success in later life, according to UNICEF. With a rising population and graduates ill-equipped to compete in the global labour market, the intervention is designed to better equip the region's next generation.

“There is plenty of statistical evidence that those who go through kindergarten education stay in school longer, achieve more, develop better and experience better cognitive development,” said Boualia.

ECD also aids gender parity and development. “We know that enrolment of girls in ECD programmes makes it more likely they continue in school,” said Stansbery. “This gives them better earning potential and is important for the development of the country.”

Save the Children and UNICEF run localized projects in various Middle Eastern countries including Syria, Jordan and Egypt, but the new Early Childhood Centre, set up in collaboration with the Syrian government and under the auspices of UNESCO, is the first regional effort.

UNICEF said the centre aimed to boost pre-school education immediately by encouraging parents to bring their children to the kindergarten and library. It will also offer seminars to train child workers in psychosocial care, and provide access to the latest research to encourage more quality kindergartens to be established.

Agencies and governments will also meet to improve childhood development: following a UNESCO conference in October, a paper with guidance for governments in the Middle East and North Africa is being prepared. Experts suggest more public low-cost or free kindergartens be set up to ensure access for all.

“We find that explaining to parents and workers why certain practices are better is very effective in overcoming outdated practices,” said Stansbery. “The centre will be very effective if it involves all actors, as it plans to do.”

sb/he/oa

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=91092</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200910291056130296t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DAMASCUS 15 November 2010 (IRIN) - A new regional Early Childhood Centre offering facilities for pre-school children as well as training for child workers in Damascus, Syria, is hoping to boost the quality of pre-primary education in the Middle East.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Gulf aid to Pakistan - update</title><pubDate>Thu, 26 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201008200840280703t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 26 August 2010 (IRIN) - Here is an update to IRIN’s Arab aid to Pakistan in numbers report of 20 August: </description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 26 August 2010 (IRIN) - Here is an update to IRIN’s Arab aid to Pakistan in numbers [http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=90233] report of 20 August: 
 
 Saudi Arabia 
 
 One hundred and thirty Saudi rescue workers have been sent to Pakistan with relief equipment including motorboats, vehicles and generators. 
 
 King Abdullah ordered dispatch of two 200-bed field hospitals. Each hospital has an operation room, laboratory, pharmacy, intensive care unit and X-ray room, according to the Saudi ambassador to Pakistan, Abdulaziz Bin Ibrahim Al-Ghadeer. 
 
 Twenty-three Saudi relief flights have arrived in a number of cities in Pakistan since the start of the crisis. 
 
 United Arab Emirates 
 
 UAE has pledged to donate US$5 million to the Initial Floods Emergency Response Plan. 
 
 UAE Red Crescent Authority launched a three-day telethon to receive donations for flood victims. On the first day (25 August), the telethon raised the equivalent of $6.8 million, a quarter of the $27.2 million target. 
 
 UAE Red Crescent is sending medics to Pakistan and launching a $100,000 vaccination programme to protect young women and children from disease. 
 
 Qatar 
 
 Qatar Charity, in collaboration with the UN World Food Programme, has distributed US$1.92 million worth of food parcels to affected families since mid-August. The charity has set up an "air bridge" to fly in relief to Pakistan in cooperation with Qatar Airways. It also said it would airlift 80 tons of emergency relief items worth US$604,229. 
 
 Qatar Red Crescent Society (QRCS) distributed aid to 3,200 families in the first stage of its relief operations. 
 
 Kuwait 
 
 Ambassador Mansour Ayyad Al-Otaibi, permanent representative of Kuwait to the UN, said the country had decided to double aid to Pakistan to $10 million. 
 
 Bahrain 
 
 Bahrain is to send urgent humanitarian aid worth $2.6 million, according to Bahrain News Agency. 
 
 (Sources: local media, unless otherwise indicated) 
 
 dh/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=90297</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201008200840280703t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 26 August 2010 (IRIN) - Here is an update to IRIN’s Arab aid to Pakistan in numbers report of 20 August: </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Arab aid to Pakistan in numbers</title><pubDate>Fri, 20 Aug 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201008200840280703t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 20 August 2010 (IRIN) - Donations to Pakistan continue to trickle in amid international calls for more contributions. The Organization of the Islamic Conference on 18 August urged the “international community in general and the Islamic world in particular, at the level of individuals and states, to provide urgent material and financial aid to Pakistan”. </description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 20 August 2010 (IRIN) - Donations to Pakistan continue to trickle in amid international calls for more contributions. The Organization of the Islamic Conference on 18 August urged the “international community in general and the Islamic world in particular, at the level of individuals and states, to provide urgent material and financial aid to Pakistan”. 
 
 The UN General Assembly convened on 19 August to mobilize international support. At that date the Pakistan Initial Floods Emergency Response Plan 2010 http://fts.unocha.org/pageloader.aspx?page=emerg-emergencyDetails&emergID=15913, which has sought US$459 million, had received half of the requested amount only, including pledges of $40 million. 
 
 Arab and Muslim donations so far: 
 Saudi Arabia 
 King Abdullah said on 17 August the kingdom would give SR300 million (about $80 million) to Pakistan. 
 A nationwide fundraising campaign launched on 16 August by the Saudi monarch raised more than SR100 million ($26.6 million). 
 
 UAE 
 A fleet of Chinook helicopters was deployed to help in evacuation, according to the commander of the UAE Armed Force's Relief Team in Pakistan. The UAE Force in Afghanistan distributed 30MT of relief materials and food to flooded areas of the country. 
 
 Oman 
 The Oman Charitable Organisation (OCO) is sending 2,336MT of aid to Pakistan, comprising foodstuffs, water, dates, tents, relief supplies and tools. 
 
 Jordan 
 A plane carrying 3.5MT of food and medical supplies left for Pakistan on 15 August. It is carrying a 25-member medical team, including nine doctors, as well as 21,000 typhoid and cholera vaccines. 
 
 Syria 
 Syria said it was sending an airplane loaded with 35MT of foodstuffs, medical supplies to help the victims. 
 
 Qatar 
 Qatar Red Crescent has appealed for QR6.5 million (about $1.19 million) and as part of its Ramadan campaign allocated QR1.5 million (about $413,000) to its humanitarian mission, according to Projects head, Khaled Dhiab. 
 
 Kuwait 
 Kuwait has announced aid of $5 million for the flood-affected areas. A team from the Kuwait Joint Relief Committee (KJRC) distributed aid in the northern Pakistani province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhawa. 
 
 Sources: local media 
 
 dvh/mw

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=90233</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201008200840280703t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 20 August 2010 (IRIN) - Donations to Pakistan continue to trickle in amid international calls for more contributions. The Organization of the Islamic Conference on 18 August urged the “international community in general and the Islamic world in particular, at the level of individuals and states, to provide urgent material and financial aid to Pakistan”. </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>In Brief: Fish nets join mosquito nets against malaria </title><pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201004270928560748t.jpg" />]]>JOHANNESBURG 02 July 2010 (IRIN) - New drugs to fight malaria may well lie at the bottom of the ocean, according to researchers studying over 2,500 samples from marine organisms collected at depths of over 900 metres. They have already found 300 that contain substances that can kill the parasite. </description><body><![CDATA[JOHANNESBURG 02 July 2010 (IRIN) - New drugs to fight malaria may well lie at the bottom of the ocean, according to researchers studying over 2,500 samples from marine organisms collected at depths of over 900 metres. They have already found 300 that contain substances that can kill the parasite. 
 
 "Healing powers for one of the world's deadliest diseases may lie within sponges, sea worms and other underwater creatures," said an internal publication by the University of Central Florida (UCF) after a study of samples collected off the Florida coast in the United States with the help of the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute in Fort Pierce, Florida. 
 
 "So far we have a hit rate of over 10 percent," said Debopam Chakrabarti, Professor of Molecular Biology and Microbiology at UCF, who is leading the research. He was "quite enthused by the promise of the project", but warned that "early promise does not always materialize" into a usable drug. 
 
 Chakrabarti has spent over 20 years researching treatments for the mosquito-borne illness, and turned to the largely unexplored biological potential of the ocean because "[current] drugs are becoming increasingly less effective and [malaria] is still killing," he told IRIN. 
 
 The UN World Health Organization has noted that about 3.3 billion people - half of the world's population - are at risk of malaria, and around 1 million people worldwide are killed by it every year. 
 
 tdm/he
]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=89701</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201004270928560748t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">JOHANNESBURG 02 July 2010 (IRIN) - New drugs to fight malaria may well lie at the bottom of the ocean, according to researchers studying over 2,500 samples from marine organisms collected at depths of over 900 metres. They have already found 300 that contain substances that can kill the parasite. </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>HIV/AIDS: New HIV report turns up some surprises </title><pubDate>Wed, 30 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2008/200802242t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 30 June 2010 (IRIN) - Statistics on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East are hard to come by but a new study launched on 28 June in the United Arab Emirates has attempted to gather all existing data into one place and add some analysis and action points for policymakers.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 30 June 2010 (IRIN) - Statistics on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East are hard to come by but a new study launched on 28 June in the United Arab Emirates has attempted to gather all existing data into one place and add some analysis and action points for policymakers. 
 
 “In all previous reports we thought there was no HIV data from this region. But there turned out to be lots of data here,” said Laith Abu Raddad, director of the Biostatistics and Biomathematic Research Core at Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar and the principal author of the study (not yet available online). 
 
 “This report is basically more like a scientific epidemiological study: Getting pieces of data, thousands of data that we managed to collect from every country in the region, putting them together and analysing them to see what they tell us in terms of HIV epidemiology,” he said. 
 
 The report, characterizing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa, is a joint effort of the World Bank, the UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It covers 23 countries that the three organizations include in their MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. 
 
 According to UNAIDS, about 412,000 people were living with HIV in MENA by the end of 2008, up from 270,000 in 2001. The report said most new infections were from within commercial sex and drug-taking populations. 
 
 The report divides the MENA region into two categories according to HIV prevalence: the “subregion with considerable prevalence” (Djibouti, Somalia, Southern Sudan); and the Core MENA region, where HIV prevalence is described as “very limited” (the rest of MENA countries). 
 
 Sudan, Somalia and Djibouti 
 
 “In north Sudan, we used to think in the past that we have a much more serious problem of HIV but now the data set is more complete, it’s clear that north Sudan really is quite similar to the rest of the MENA countries. But in south Sudan we may have a generalized epidemic,” Abu Raddad said. A generalized epidemic is one that has spread beyond high-risk minority populations to the general population. 
 
 A 2003 UNAIDS and WHO report referred to in the study said Sudan had a 2.6 percent HIV prevalence rate. 
 
 Abu Raddad said Djibouti “was the Disneyland of risk behaviour” and had a large number of Ethiopian sex workers serving truck drivers and foreign army bases. “We have this corridor which is certainly full of HIV, but the rest of the country is fine,” he noted. 
 
 A 2008 UNAIDS report said Djibouti had a 3.4 percent HIV prevalence rate in its capital and a 1.1 percent rate outside it. 
 
 “Technically speaking, the HIV epidemics in Djibouti and Somalia are already generalized, but the context of HIV infection and risk groups in these countries suggests that HIV dynamics are mainly focused around concentrated epidemics in the commercial sex networks,” said the new report. 
 
 Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran 
 
 The report said Pakistan and Iran, where HIV prevalence is low among the general population, faced concentrated HIV epidemics among injecting drug users (IDUs), while this was also a significant mode of transmission for HIV in Afghanistan. 
 
 “We know we have a concentrated epidemic among IDUs in Pakistan, and the increase was very rapid over the past few years. In Karachi, for example, we had near zero percent among this group in 2003 or 2004 and then within six months it jumped to 24 percent.” 
 
 He said this increase could be attributed to needle sharing, poverty and a lack of awareness. 
 
 Egypt and Tunisia 
 
 Egypt has a different pattern in terms of the spread of HIV. Surveys of risk groups showed that HIV prevalence was very low among IDUs and female sex workers (FSWs). “This is not a surprise for FSWs. In those kind of conservative countries in the region - and Egypt is one them - we see very little prevalence of HIV among FSWs. But having very low prevalence among IDUs is quite a surprise,” Abu Raddad said. 
 
 He said that Egypt appeared to be having an HIV epidemic among men having sex with men (MSM), at a prevalence rate of 6 percent. 
 
 “The country also has an interesting pattern. Usually HIV epidemics start with IDUs and then move to MSM, which we see in Iran and Pakistan. But this is not the case in some countries, like Egypt and Tunisia, where the epidemic is starting with MSM,” Abu Raddad said. 
 
 Dearth of data 
 
 Experts said that despite all the information from different sources that the new report brings together, the region still does not have enough data to form a coherent strategy to tackle HIV/AIDS. The report conceded that the MENA region “continues to be viewed as the anomaly in the HIV/AIDS world map”. 
 
 “This is because we have not invested enough in building the right surveillance systems, so we don’t have systems that actually detect and follow up on this issue,” Hind Khatib, regional director of UNAIDS, told IRIN. 
 
 “Political commitment should be matched with domestic resources and investment in human resources, which is limited in the region. You have to spend on your programmes and systems and you have to have strategic directions that are focused on the drivers of the epidemic,” Khatib said. 
 
 She said she hoped to see the governments of the many low-income countries in the region allocate more funds to HIV programmes, particularly in light of the fact that the financial crisis had made it harder for countries to be eligible for assistance from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. 
 
 Experts agreed that the main challenge for the region was the stigma of HIV/AIDS and discrimination against people living with it. 
 
 “We have to bring in the people living with HIV and the civil society. We have to open up in our thinking and policies,” Khatib said. 
 
 dvh/ed/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=89677</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2008/200802242t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 30 June 2010 (IRIN) - Statistics on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the Middle East are hard to come by but a new study launched on 28 June in the United Arab Emirates has attempted to gather all existing data into one place and add some analysis and action points for policymakers.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Experts urge governments to revise water policies</title><pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200911030907270561t.jpg" />]]>AMMAN 04 February 2010 (IRIN) - Governments in the Middle East must put aside political differences, rethink water management and revise strategy and policy in using water otherwise the region will face a dire future, scientists have warned at an international conference in Jordan.</description><body><![CDATA[AMMAN 04 February 2010 (IRIN) - Governments in the Middle East must put aside political differences, rethink water management and revise strategy and policy in using water otherwise the region will face a dire future, scientists have warned at an international conference in Jordan. 
 
 The 1-4 February Amman conference is entitled Food Security and Climate Change in Dry Areas. 
 
 Scientists said the region can no longer afford to waste water, with global warming expected to exacerbate an already existing problem. 
 
 “We are still practicing water management in the same way when the water was not scarce and that is the point. Now it is time to revise all water management concepts in the region, because water scarcity [has] reached the point of being chronic,” said Theib Y. Oweis, director of the water and land management programme at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). 
 
 “We cannot afford to use water as we use it now. Unless we start revising everything, we will come to a point where we will not have water to use for agriculture,” Oweis told IRIN on the sidelines of the conference. 
 
 Dozens of experts from around 30 countries are taking part in the conference organized by Jordan’s Ministry of Agriculture, the National Centre for Agricultural Research and Extension, ICARDA and other partners. 
 
 Oweis said water policies in the region do not give water the value it deserves, thus putting at risk strategic reserves for future generations. 
 
 “Even now water is more valuable than oil; water is life but oil is not. With water getting scarcer people will feel the value. One of the problems is that policies of regional countries do not value water,” he said. 
 
 Water pricing 
 
 Eddie Bethel, head of ICARDA’s Geographic Information Systems (GIS) unit, said: “The predictions for the near future are dire for the entire Mediterranean region. There is a significant increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation. For the medium future we can expect serious difficulty in the availability of water in improving agriculture in the region”. 
 
 According to a report entitled The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), water shortages, already a problem in many countries of Arid Western Asia (including the Middle East), are unlikely to be reduced, and may be exacerbated, by climate change. Changes in cropping practices and improved irrigation could significantly boost the efficiency of water use in some countries. 
 
 Bethel called on regional countries to introduce some new tools to tackle the problem. “They will have to learn to save water. There is a lot of waste in this region,” he said. 
 
 “For example to put a price on water is one of the policy options that are difficult to discuss but most likely to become necessary. Pricing for water will encourage farmers to grow less water-demanding crops and put [in] irrigation systems that are more efficient,” Bethel said. 
 
 ICARDA’s Oweis called on individual countries to manage the little water they have in a more efficient way. 
 
 mbh/at/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=87991</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200911030907270561t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">AMMAN 04 February 2010 (IRIN) - Governments in the Middle East must put aside political differences, rethink water management and revise strategy and policy in using water otherwise the region will face a dire future, scientists have warned at an international conference in Jordan.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>HAITI: Arab aid making its way </title><pubDate>Sun, 17 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201001171249450682t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 17 January 2010 (IRIN) - Governments and NGOs in the Middle East have begun mobilising humanitarian aid for the survivors of a devastating earthquake in Haiti that may have killed more than 100,000 people, according to media reports.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 17 January 2010 (IRIN) - Governments and NGOs in the Middle East have begun mobilising humanitarian aid for the survivors of a devastating earthquake in Haiti that may have killed more than 100,000 people, according to media reports. 
 
 The UN has launched an appeal for US$562 million to help the victims of the 12 January 7.0-magnitude quake. The funds are intended to support the three million people living in the quake-affected area for six months. 
 
 In the meantime, money and relief items are being dispatched to the desperate Caribbean Island from around the Middle East. 
 
 The UAE Red Crescent Authority (RCA) will begin aid flights to Haiti with two planes loaded with tents, Abdul Rahman al-Taniji, manager of RCA’s media and public relations department, told IRIN. 
 
 On 19 January an RCA team will fly to the Dominican Republic, neighbouring Haiti, to buy food supplies worth US$500,000 for Haitians, he said. 
 
 The Khalifa Bin Zayed Charity Foundation will dispatch by air 50 tonnes of emergency supplies for survivors, which is expected to arrive on 19 January, according to Khalil Mohamed, media representative at Khalifa Foundation. 
 
 “This is the initial response and we are currently in communication with seven international relief organizations to further extend our assistance,” Mohamed told IRIN. 
 
 UAE-based Mohammed Bin Rashid al-Maktoum Charity (MBRMC) and Life for Relief and Development (Life) announced that it will be sending $1.25 million-worth of food, water, medicine, medical supplies, clothing and other emergency supplies. 
 
 Kuwait, Qatar 
 
 Kuwait’s ruler Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah has donated $1 million to Haiti’s quake survivors. “It will be coordinated through the Kuwaiti Red Crescent Society [KRCS]. We prepared 100 tonnes of relief items - which include food, medical supplies, tents, blankets and food items - and are waiting to assign a plane that will carry them,” Yousef Al Me’raj, head of KRCS’ disasters department, told IRIN. 
 
 A Qatari C-17 aircraft, loaded with 50 tonnes of aid, left for the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince, on 14 January. Qatar also sent a 26-member rescue team comprising soldiers, police and medics to set up a field hospital and provide assistance wherever they can. 
 
 Qatar Charity (QC) will send an assessment team in the coming days to assess the needs for the rehabilitation phase of the disaster. The team will be followed by a consignment of non-food items for survivors, Issam Adwai, QC director of programmes, told IRIN. 
 
 The Qatari Red Crescent (QRC) has issued an appeal to its citizens for monetary contributions and will send $100,000 to Haiti very soon, said Khaled Diab, head of the international programs department at QRC. 
 
 Jordan, Lebanon, Iran 
 
 A Jordan Royal Air Force plane carrying the components for a military field hospital and six tonnes of food, relief items, medicine and clothing from the Jordan Hashemite Charity Organisation went to Haiti on 14 January. The field hospital includes five physicians specialised in orthopaedics, general surgery and anaesthesia, according to local media. 
 
 A second military plane carrying Jordanian medics and medical equipment headed to Haiti on 15 January. 
 
 Lebanon will send a plane loaded with 25 tonnes of tents and three tonnes of medicines, vaccines and other medical supplies on 19 January. 
 
 Iran's Red Crescent society dispatched by plane about 30 tonnes of humanitarian aid - including food, tents and medicine - on 16 January. The relief items include tents, sugar, tuna fish and detergents, according to media reports. 
 
 dvh/ed]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=87760</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2010/201001171249450682t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 17 January 2010 (IRIN) - Governments and NGOs in the Middle East have begun mobilising humanitarian aid for the survivors of a devastating earthquake in Haiti that may have killed more than 100,000 people, according to media reports.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST/ASIA: Crunching the swine flu numbers </title><pubDate>Wed, 18 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200911180725220031t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 18 November 2009 (IRIN) - More people have died from H1N1 influenza in Iran than in any of the 22 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region, according to WHO’s 14 November update.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 18 November 2009 (IRIN) - More people have died from H1N1 influenza in Iran than in any of the 22 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region, according to WHO’s 14 November update.
 
 With 33 deaths to date, Iran made up about 17 percent of the 188 total deaths in the region since May 2009. Saudi Arabia has had 28 deaths, Oman 25 and Syria 22. 
 
 Syria had by far the highest rate of deaths to cases with 9.5 percent of all cases being fatalities. This was followed by Yemen with a 2.5 percent rate, Afghanistan 1.7 percent and Iran 1.5 percent. 
 
 Kuwait had the highest number of cases with 6,640 (23 percent of all 28,751 cases in the region), followed by Saudi Arabia with 4,119; Oman 3,829; and Egypt 2,494. 
 
 Kuwait also had the highest number of cases per capita (populations taken from CIA Factbook) with 2.46 cases per 1,000 in the population, followed by Oman with 1.12 cases per 1,000 and Bahrain with 1.10 cases per 1,000. 
 
 Since WHO’s last regional H1N1 update on 7 November, Egypt has had the highest number of new cases, with 850, followed by Iraq with 561, Iran with 515 and Oman with 500. 
 
 Somalia reported its first two cases at the start of November. 
 
 As of 8 November, WHO reported that there were over 503,536 global cases of H1N1 with at least 6,260 deaths. However, it noted that because countries are “no longer required to test and report individual cases, the number of cases reported actually understates the real number of cases”. 
 
 WHO segments the world into six regions: Africa, the least affected region, had 2.9 percent of the global total of H1N1 cases; the Eastern Mediterranean Region 5.1 percent; Southeast Asia 8.8 percent; Europe 15.5 percent; the Western Pacific 29.8 percent and the Americas 37.9 percent. 
 
 BOX 
 Country Total laboratory-confirmed cases reported by the state parties Total deaths reported by the state parties 
 Afghanistan 779 14 
 Bahrain 793 6 
 Djibouti 9 0 
 Egypt 2,494 7 
 Iraq 1,835 9 
 Iran 2,153 33 
 Jordan 2,380 4 
 Kuwait 6,640 17 
 Lebanon 761 2 
 Libya 21 0 
 Morocco 824 0 
 Oman 3,829 25 
 Pakistan 6 1 
 Palestine 901 1 
 Qatar 23 1 
 Saudi Arabia 4,119 28 
 Somalia 2 0 
 Sudan 21 0 
 Syrian Arab Republic 230 22 
 Tunisia 141 0 
 United Arab Emirates 79 0 
 Yemen 711 18 
 Total 28,751 188 
 
 ed/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=87092</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200911180725220031t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 18 November 2009 (IRIN) - More people have died from H1N1 influenza in Iran than in any of the 22 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region, according to WHO’s 14 November update.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>HEALTH: Climate change - burden or opportunity?</title><pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2008/200807047t.jpg" />]]>DAKAR 08 September 2009 (IRIN) - Despite an international resolution to avoid environmental health hazards, the medical community - already overburdened with health challenges - has remained largely outside the climate change dialogue, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) climate change specialist.  </description><body><![CDATA[DAKAR 08 September 2009 (IRIN) - Despite an international resolution to avoid environmental health hazards, the medical community – already overburdened with health challenges – has remained largely outside the climate change dialogue, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) climate change specialist. 

“The health community has been late in coming to the issue because we have enough on our plates,” said Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum with WHO’s public health and environment department, speaking about health workers, policymakers and donors. 

“Climate change was seen as low-down on the list of priorities given that we have an agenda that has not been completely addressed – death of under-five children, for example. We have not fixed that problem. When presented with the climate change concern…that [was seen] as just another competing agenda.” 

WHO Director-General Margaret Chan has said climate change “may turn out to be the most ominous struggle” for the health field in the coming years. 

Though relatively scarce and mostly regional in scope, medical studies have linked warming temperatures to a possible increase in diarrhoeal diseases, malnutrition and malaria and a degradation of food safety. 

But environmental health threats have largely been ineffective in mobilizing health workers and donors to address climate change, said Campbell-Lendrum. “The way to get engagement is not to go and say 1,000 deaths are caused by malaria and that climate change will add 20 percent in 20 years time. You would get a shrug of the shoulder.” 

Rather, a message that has encouraged more from the health arena to address climate change has been: “If we act to improve our health systems now, then we are in a better position to deal with climate change,” he said. 

Mutual benefits 

Health advocates have begun to realize the importance of addressing the medical impacts of climate change, said Campbell-Lendrum. 

“The alternative is...to say either that adaptation [to climate change] is impossible or assume that public health services will absorb the challenge without us [health workers, policymakers, donors] having to make a specific effort – neither of which is true. I think the health community has realized that climate change is not a distraction from the public health agenda, but rather another reason for what we do,” Campbell-Lendrum told IRIN. 

A May 2008 UN resolution urged member states to “develop health measures and integrate them into plans for adaptation to climate change”. While the UN has estimated it can cost up to US$12 billion a year as of 2030 to face the health consequences of climate change, it has also acknowledged in a recent work plan “important gaps in our knowledge” on climate-related health risks. 

A 2009 WHO study judged research still “weak”, which means that well-intentioned adaptation projects could actually become “health-damaging maladaptations” if not evaluated from a health angle. 

WHO’s ‘Protecting Health from Climate Change’ report recommended developing software to quantify climate-sensitive diseases; honing heat-health warning systems – already under development in Europe following a deadly 2003 heat wave; deciding who pays to treat and prevent climate-sensitive diseases – meteorological versus health services; and studying how climate change might affect health interventions. 

Donors supporting WHO’s programme on climate change and health include the Spanish and UK governments. Germany has supported Central Asian governments adapt their health systems to climate change. Campbell-Lendrum said WHO is awaiting confirmation on a $5-million grant from Global Environmental Facility to fund health reforms in seven countries. 

While climate change increases the urgency of such reforms, Campbell-Lendrum said, improving health is a good idea with or without climate change. “It should just be a reminder of an unfinished agenda.” 

pt/np 

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=86062</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2008/200807047t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DAKAR 08 September 2009 (IRIN) - Despite an international resolution to avoid environmental health hazards, the medical community - already overburdened with health challenges - has remained largely outside the climate change dialogue, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) climate change specialist.  </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Swine flu keeps Muslim pilgrims at home </title><pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200908101411430295t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 26 August 2009 (IRIN) - Far fewer Muslims than normal are undertaking the lesser pilgrimage known as ‘Umrah’ because of coordinated efforts by health ministers in the Gulf and beyond to counter the spread of H1N1 2009.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 26 August 2009 (IRIN) - Far fewer Muslims than normal are undertaking the lesser pilgrimage known as ‘Umrah’ because of coordinated efforts by health ministers in the Gulf and beyond to counter the spread of swine flu. 
 
 The numbers are some 30 percent down on normal levels and a variety of precautions are in place. 
 
 According to a 23 August World Health Organization update, there were 3,128 laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic H1N1 (swine flu) reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. 
 
 Saudi Arabia had the highest number of cases with 595 and four deaths, followed by Kuwait with 560 cases and no deaths, and Egypt with 509 cases and one death. 
 
 However, WHO figures are far more conservative than those of local governments. Earlier this week, the Saudi Health Ministry reported that its H1N1 cases had reached 2,000, with 14 deaths, and the Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) reported 1,072 cases and two fatalities in Kuwait. 
 
 WHO has expressed concern that there may be a second wave of the virus because of the approaching cooler season. 
 
 Precautions 
 
 The authorities in the Middle East have urged Muslims to avoid the `Hajj’ in late November and `Umrah’, if possible, and have banned travel there for those below 12 or over 65, as well as for pregnant women and those suffering from chronic diseases such as uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, bronchial diseases and obesity. 
 
 Iran has banned all its citizens from making the `Umrah’ pilgrimage this year and has cancelled all flights to Saudi Arabia during Ramadan, which ends around 19 September. 
 
 Airports and border crossings in the region have installed flu surveillance equipment and quarantine procedures, and pandemic H1N1 awareness campaigns are widespread. Health ministries have advised people to avoid large gatherings, whether religious or not, and to avoid the social custom of kissing and shaking hands at gatherings. 
 
 The United Arab Emirates, which recorded its first H1N1 death on 21 August, is considering reducing the duration of Friday sermons in mosques and the daily ‘Tarawih’ prayers that occur only in Ramadan. 
 
 Mecca and Medina 
 
 `Hajj’ and `Umrah’ tour operators are worried about the impact on their businesses. Some have said governments have over-reacted to what is, so far, not a particularly lethal virus. Tour operators across the region have complained of mass cancellations of `Hajj’ and `Umrah’ trips and have said they stand to lose millions of dollars because of commitments already made to Mecca hotels. 
 
 In Mecca, business could fall by 40 percent during Ramadan, according to the Mecca Chamber of Commerce, and in neighbouring Medina, officials said they expected business to be down by 70 percent. 
 
 A panel of experts is being set up in Mecca specifically to deal with the H1N1 virus for `Hajj’ and `Umrah’ pilgrims. Saad Al-Qurashi, chairman of the National Hajj & Umrah Committee, told Arab News that the panel would be distributing surgical masks to `Umrah’ pilgrims and would hold workshops to spread awareness of the necessary precautions to be taken. 
 
 ed/cb

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85855</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200908101411430295t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 26 August 2009 (IRIN) - Far fewer Muslims than normal are undertaking the lesser pilgrimage known as ‘Umrah’ because of coordinated efforts by health ministers in the Gulf and beyond to counter the spread of H1N1 2009.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Saudi Arabia has highest incidence of flu </title><pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200908101411430295t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI  10 August 2009 (IRIN) - Saudi Arabia has the highest number of laboratory confirmed pandemic H1N1 cases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region – 595 – with four out of the eight deaths so far, according to an 8 August World Health Organization (WHO) report.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI  10 August 2009 (IRIN) - Saudi Arabia has the highest number of laboratory confirmed pandemic H1N1 cases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region – 595 – with four out of the eight deaths so far, according to an 8 August World Health Organization (WHO) report. 
 
 Kuwait comes second with 560 cases, although no deaths, and Egypt third with 314 cases and one death. Lebanon, Qatar and Iraq have each had one fatality. 
 
 While Israel’s Ministry of Health reported its fifth H1N1 death on 7 August and more than 2,000 cases of the virus, the country falls under WHO’s Europe region. 
 
 With the Muslim holy month of Ramadan set to begin in about two weeks, and the annual Hajj due in late November, Arab health ministers are not allowing the elderly, children or chronically sick to make pilgrimages to Saudi Arabia. 
 
 At a press conference on 5 August, Saudi Health Minister Dr Abdullah Al-Rabeeah said only those between the ages of 12 and 65 with proof of a flu vaccination and no chronic disease would be granted Hajj visas. Pregnant women and people with diabetes, obesity and hypertension would also be barred from Mecca, he said. 
 
 "These conditions have been approved after consultations with top international experts in the field," Khaled Al-Mirghalani, the Health Ministry's spokesman, said at a press conference. "No one will be able to get a visa without fulfilling these new rules." 
 
 Iran Air is reported on 10 August to have suspended all flights to Saudi Arabia, following an earlier Iranian government ban on all citizens from visiting Saudi Arabia during 30 days of Ramadan, beginning around 22 August. Iran had 144 reported cases of H1N1 on 8 August, according to WHO, mostly pilgrims who had visited Saudi Arabia. 
 
 Going global 
 
 As of 31 July, 168 countries and overseas territories/communities had reported at least one laboratory confirmed case of H1N1. 
 
 By the same date, WHO recorded a global total of 162,380 cases and 1,154 deaths. WHO specialists say the actual number of infections and deaths is likely to be much higher as many countries do not have the appropriate facilities or medical skills to diagnose the virus properly. 
 
 WHO segments the world into six regions: Africa, the least affected region, had 0.14 percent of the global total of H1N1 cases; the Eastern Mediterranean Region 0.8 percent; Southeast Asia 6.1 percent; Europe 16.1 percent; the Western Pacific 16.4 percent and the Americas 60 percent. 
 
 ed/at/mw]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85653</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200908101411430295t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI  10 August 2009 (IRIN) - Saudi Arabia has the highest number of laboratory confirmed pandemic H1N1 cases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region – 595 – with four out of the eight deaths so far, according to an 8 August World Health Organization (WHO) report.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Swine flu deaths registered </title><pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/2009030318t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 30 July 2009 (IRIN) - Three H1N1 2009 deaths were registered in the Middle East over the past 10 days as the world awaits a vaccine, expected to be available in September, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) latest briefing note.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 30 July 2009 (IRIN) - Three H1N1 2009 deaths were registered in the Middle East over the past 10 days as the world awaits a vaccine, expected to be available in September, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) latest briefing note [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/notes/h1n1_situation_20090724/en/index.html]. 
 
 On 27 July, Saudi Arabia announced its first death from the virus. The 30-year-old Saudi man was admitted to a private hospital in the eastern city of Dammam on 22 July with a fever and pneumonia but died three days later, despite receiving antibiotics and Tamiflu treatment, according to the Saudi Ministry of Health. 
 
 While many concerns were raised over the spread of the virus during the Hajj and Umrah [http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=85239], Mohamed Al-Harthi, health manager at Jeddah airport, said the Hajj terminal would have 20 thermal sensors to check pilgrims and 20 percent more specialist medical staff than last year. The 550-member medical team will include doctors, nurses, lab technicians and pharmacists. 
 
 The second death was in the southern Israeli resort city of Eilat on 24 July, where a 35-year-old man died of H1N1 complications. It is the first death from H1N1 in Israel, which has more than 1,500 documented cases, according to officials. 
 
 Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu directed the Health Ministry on 29 July to order swine flu vaccines for all Israeli citizens. Netanyahu also agreed to increase the supply of anti-influenza medicines by an additional 5 percent, enabling 30 percent of the population to be treated, according to media reports. 
 
 On 29 July, the Egyptian Ministry of Health announced 12 new cases, raising the total number of infected people in the country to 238. Egypt was also the first in the region to report an H1N1 death on 19 July. [http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=85343]. 
 
 In Jordan, the Ministry of Health announced on 29 July that the number of cases in the kingdom had reached 75 after three new incidences. Twenty-eight people are still receiving treatment, according to the ministry. 
 
 One of the newly detected cases was an 18-year-old boy who was participating in Ajloun Youth Camp where 16 cases had been detected earlier. The ministries of health and interior are expected to ban youth gatherings, local media said. 
 
 According to health officials, the ministry has stocks of Tamiflu enough to treat about 300,000 patients and is to purchase US$2.12 million-worth of Relenza inhalers, an antiviral medicine similar to Tamiflu, as a precautionary measure, local media reported. 
 
 So far nine cases have been registered in Syria, which on 28 July received special equipment for early detection of influenza from France, according to the Syrian official news agency SANA. 
 
 The UAE is making vaccinations mandatory and free of charge for all school children when it becomes available. Only children over five are included in the programme, which will cost the government about $871,000, according to local media. 
 
 dvh/at/mw

]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85502</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/2009030318t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 30 July 2009 (IRIN) - Three H1N1 2009 deaths were registered in the Middle East over the past 10 days as the world awaits a vaccine, expected to be available in September, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) latest briefing note.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: First swine flu death in Egypt </title><pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/200351523t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 20 July 2009 (IRIN) - The Middle East registered its first death due to H1N1 2009 after a 25-year-old Egyptian woman returning from Umrah, the lesser Muslim pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia, died in hospital on 18 July after testing positive for the virus, according to the Egyptian health ministry.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 20 July 2009 (IRIN) - The Middle East registered its first death due to H1N1 2009 after a 25-year-old Egyptian woman returning from Umrah, the lesser Muslim pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia, died in hospital on 18 July after testing positive for the virus, according to the Egyptian health ministry. 
 
 The woman arrived in Egypt on 16 July and was admitted to hospital in the Nile Delta province of Gharbia "suffering from rheumatic fever, lack of oxygen in the blood and a stroke", the health ministry said in a statement published by the official MENA news agency. 
 
 As of 20 July, Egypt registered 130 cases; about 56 percent are younger than 20 and 8.5 percent over 45, according to the health ministry website. The country also suffered the worst outbreak of avian flu outside Asia, claiming the lives of 27 people. 
 
 On 16 July, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced it would stop tracking pandemic H1N1 cases and deaths around the world. However, it would provide updates describing the situation in the newly affected countries.
 
 dvh/at/mw]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85343</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/200351523t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 20 July 2009 (IRIN) - The Middle East registered its first death due to H1N1 2009 after a 25-year-old Egyptian woman returning from Umrah, the lesser Muslim pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia, died in hospital on 18 July after testing positive for the virus, according to the Egyptian health ministry.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>AFRICA: Military munitions storage increasingly unstable</title><pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2007/200703234t.jpg" />]]>JOHANNESBURG 14 July 2009 (IRIN) - The growing number of accidental explosions in military arms and ammunition storage facilities across Africa has highlighted the need for minimum standards in stockpile management in the continent, says a South Africa-based think-tank.</description><body><![CDATA[JOHANNESBURG 14 July 2009 (IRIN) - The growing number of accidental explosions in military arms and ammunition storage facilities across Africa has highlighted the need for minimum standards in stockpile management in the continent, says a South Africa-based think-tank. 
 
 "These ammunition stockpiles pose a significant threat and have enduring consequences in vulnerable and fragile societies, and as such need to be adequately managed and/or disposed of by making use of the correct mechanisms and best practice guidelines," the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) noted in the latest of a series of reports on munitions storage. 
 
 "Arms and ammunition stockpiles are becoming increasingly unstable due to age and, in many cases, unintentional mismanagement," Ben Coetzee, Senior Researcher at the ISS Arms Management Programme, told IRIN. 
 
 "Since 2007 several explosions occurred in Mozambique and at least one in Tanzania, resulting in hundreds of injuries and many deaths. Seen in this light, there is an urgent need to re-evaluate the current principles of ammunition stockpile management." 
 
 In the past decade there have also been accidental explosions in military storage facilities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Guinea, Nigeria, Angola and Sierra Leone. 
 
 tdm/he]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85271</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2007/200703234t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">JOHANNESBURG 14 July 2009 (IRIN) - The growing number of accidental explosions in military arms and ammunition storage facilities across Africa has highlighted the need for minimum standards in stockpile management in the continent, says a South Africa-based think-tank.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Swine flu measures ahead of Hajj season </title><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200907121123510489t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 12 July 2009 (IRIN) - With several million Muslims from all over the world expected in Mecca for the annual Hajj pilgrimage in late November, Saudi authorities are concerned that the event will facilitate the spread of the A(H1N1) virus among pilgrims.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 12 July 2009 (IRIN) - With several million Muslims from all over the world expected in Mecca for the annual Hajj pilgrimage in late November, Saudi authorities are concerned that the event will facilitate the spread of the A(H1N1) virus among pilgrims. 
 
 Aside from the week-long Hajj, more than 2 million people go on pilgrimage to Mecca throughout the year (called ‘Umrah’), with extra numbers visiting in the holy month of Ramadan (from about 21 August to 19 September). 
 
 Saudi Arabia held a workshop at the end of June to discuss minimising the spread of the disease during Hajj season and urged all nations to postpone the pilgrimage this year for elderly people with chronic illnesses, children and pregnant women. 
 
 The workshop outlined general hygiene habits to reduce the risk of A(H1N1) infection, such as washing hands with water and soap, covering the nose and mouth while sneezing and coughing, and wearing masks when visiting crowded places. 
 
 According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 6 July update on Influenza A(H1N1), the Middle East region has had 1,111 cases of the virus and no deaths. 
 
 Regional precautionary measures 
 
 Many countries in the region have started taking precautionary measures to control the spread of A(H1N1) during and after the Hajj. 
 
 * Ali Al Baqqara, head of the Hajj medical committee at Bahrain’s Ministry of Health, called on people to postpone going to Hajj this year, particularly pregnant women, children, people above 60 and people suffering from blood disorders and genetic or chronic diseases. 
 
 * In Egypt, Health Minister Hatem Al-Gabali warned last month that Egyptian pilgrims could be quarantined upon their return from Hajj.
 
 * Khalid Al-Sahlawi, secretary-general for Al-Hajj Mission in Kuwait, said that provided the A(H1N1) vaccination is available in the country in early October, the priority for vaccination will be given to pilgrims. 
 
 * On 6 July, Oman banned sick elderly people and children from travelling to Saudi Arabia on pilgrimage for fear of contracting A(H1N1), according to a health ministry statement. The ministry did not clarify whether the ban would be extended to cover the Hajj season as well. 
 
 * Jassim al-Kubeisi, deputy chairman of Qatar’s Hajj Committee, told Gulf Times on 11 July that the committee members would meet soon to discuss and take a decision on how to deal with Hajj and Umrah this year. 
 
 * Ziyad Maymash, assistant undersecretary for preventive medicine at the Saudi Ministry of Health, said a quarantine facility had been set up at airport arrival lounges to isolate Hajj and Umrah pilgrims with symptoms of A(H1N1) infections. 
 
 * Ali Bin Shukr, Director General of the UAE Ministry of Health, said on 8 July that the government would launch an A(H1N1) awareness campaign for people planning to perform Hajj or Umrah. Shukr said the ministry will coordinate with the General Authority for Islamic Affairs to engage imams in educating pilgrims during Friday prayers about ways to avoid contracting the virus. 
 
 Sources: Local media, health ministries, WHO 
 
 dhz/at/ed]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85239</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200907121123510489t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 12 July 2009 (IRIN) - With several million Muslims from all over the world expected in Mecca for the annual Hajj pilgrimage in late November, Saudi authorities are concerned that the event will facilitate the spread of the A(H1N1) virus among pilgrims.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Swine flu cases on the rise</title><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200904291051560638t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 25 June 2009 (IRIN) - The number of cases of the A(H1N1) virus, otherwise known as swine flu, is growing in the Middle East, with many new suspected and confirmed cases in the past few days, but so far no one has died of the disease.</description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 25 June 2009 (IRIN) - The number of cases of the A(H1N1) virus, otherwise known as swine flu, is growing in the Middle East, with many new suspected and confirmed cases in the past few days, but so far no one has died of the disease. 
 
 According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) latest A(H1N1) update on 24 June, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases worldwide reached 55,867, with 570 in the Middle East. The number of deaths from the disease globally is 238. 
 
 New cases in the Middle East
 
 · Bahraini Health Ministry said on 14 June that seven Bahraini students - five girls and two boys - had tested positive for the A(H1N1) virus. The cases were among a 13-member Bahraini student group which had returned from the USA after a 10-month exchange programme. 
 
 · Egyptian Ministry of Health (MoH) reported a new case, bringing total to 41. 
 
 · Israel has identified about 271 cases so far. On 22 June the MoH transferred the primary care for A(H1N1) to national health management organizations. On 21 June MoH lifted restrictions imposed nearly two months ago on travel to Mexico. 
 
 · Iraq's MoH has just confirmed the first cases, saying seven members of the women's national basketball team were being treated in hospital. One member of the US-led multinational force in Iraq had also been confirmed as having the disease, Health Minister Saleh Al-Hasnawi said. 
 
 · Jordanian health minister announced on 21 June the discovery of a new case (a 27-year-old Filipino woman who had arrived in Jordan from Manila on a Kuwait Airways flight), bringing the total to 13. 
 
 · Kuwait health authorities said on 20 June that a Lebanese had been diagnosed with swine flu, bringing the total number of cases to eight. 
 
 · Lebanon’s MoH said on 24 June the number of diagnosed cases had risen to 30 after the detection of five new cases. 
 
 · Oman's Health Ministry confirmed its first three cases - students studying in the USA. 
 
 · Saudi health officials announced three more cases on 24 June, bringing the total number of reported cases to 48. 
 
 · United Arab Emirates confirmed its eighth case on 25 June. The infected person, who had arrived from abroad, was being treated in hospital. 
 
 · Occupied Palestinian Territories - Five cases so far in the West Bank, none in Gaza. 
 
 · Yemen’s Health and Population Ministry announced a new case on 23 June, bringing the total to six. The first case was registered on 16 June. 
 
 · Qatar - In line with WHO recommendations, the Supreme Council of Health has warned the public against taking Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) and Relenza (Zanamivir) for the treatment of flu-like symptoms, or as a preventive measure against A(H1N1), without a prescription from a health care practitioner. There were 10 confirmed cases in Qatar as of 24 June, according to WHO.]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=85007</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200904291051560638t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 25 June 2009 (IRIN) - The number of cases of the A(H1N1) virus, otherwise known as swine flu, is growing in the Middle East, with many new suspected and confirmed cases in the past few days, but so far no one has died of the disease.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Tobacco kills – get the picture? </title><pubDate>Sun, 31 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200905311254100817t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 31 May 2009 (IRIN) - Tobacco Health Warnings is the theme for this year’s World No Tobacco Day on 31 May. The World Health Organisation (WHO) is urging governments to increase public awareness of the dangers of smoking by requiring that all tobacco packages include pictorial warnings to show the sickness and suffering caused by tobacco use. </description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 31 May 2009 (IRIN) - Tobacco Health Warnings is the theme for this year’s World No Tobacco Day on 31 May [see: http://www.who.int/tobacco/wntd/2009/en/index.html]. The World Health Organisation (WHO) is urging governments to increase public awareness of the dangers of smoking by requiring that all tobacco packages include pictorial warnings to show the sickness and suffering caused by tobacco use. 
 
 “Health warnings on tobacco packages are a simple, cheap and effective strategy that can vastly reduce tobacco use and save lives," said WHO Assistant Director-General Dr Ala Alwan in a press release. "But they only work if they communicate the risk. Warnings that include images of the harm that tobacco causes are particularly effective at communicating risk and motivating behavioural changes, such as quitting or reducing tobacco consumption.” 
 
 In its report - entitled Showing the truth, saving lives: the case for pictorial health warnings [see: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598040_eng.pdf] - WHO said only 10 percent of the world’s population lives in countries where warnings with pictures are required on tobacco packaging. Studies carried out in Brazil, Canada, Singapore and Thailand revealed that having graphic images on cigarette packets of the consequences of smoking motivates more users to quit and reduces the appeal of taking up smoking for non-users. 
 
 Tobacco continues to be the leading preventable cause of death in the world, killing more than 5 million people every year. “It is the only legal consumer product that kills when used exactly as intended by the manufacturer,” according to the WHO report. 
 
 Middle East statistics 
 
 The latest WHO information for tobacco uses in the Middle East is from surveys conducted around 10 years ago in 19 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). They revealed that Yemeni men were the biggest smokers in the region, with 77 percent smoking, and Lebanese women topped the female category with 35 percent smoking [see: http://www.emro.who.int/tfi/CountryProfile-Part6.htm]. 
 
 Overall, the richer Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Oman) had the lowest prevalence of smokers, with Oman faring best, and the poorer Levant countries (Lebanon, Syria, Palestine and Jordan) and Yemen had the highest. 
 
 Tobacco fact box
 
 Tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. 
 • There are more than one billion smokers in the world. 
 • Globally, use of tobacco products is increasing, although it is decreasing in high-income countries. 
 • Almost half of the world's children breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke. 
 • The epidemic is shifting to the developing world. 
 • More than 80% of the world's smokers live in low- and middle-income countries. 
 • Tobacco use kills 5.4 million people a year - an average of one person every six seconds - and accounts for one in 10 adult deaths worldwide. 
 • Tobacco kills up to half of all users. 
 • It is a risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of deaths in the world. 
 • 100 million deaths were caused by tobacco in the 20th century. If current trends continue, there will be up to one billion deaths in the 21st century. 
 • Unchecked, tobacco-related deaths will increase to more than eight million a year by 2030, and 80% of those deaths will occur in the developing world. 
 
 ed/at]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=84632</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200905311254100817t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 31 May 2009 (IRIN) - Tobacco Health Warnings is the theme for this year’s World No Tobacco Day on 31 May. The World Health Organisation (WHO) is urging governments to increase public awareness of the dangers of smoking by requiring that all tobacco packages include pictorial warnings to show the sickness and suffering caused by tobacco use. </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Swine flu cases appear in Egypt, Kuwait, UAE </title><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200904291535440145t.jpg" />]]>DUBAI 25 May 2009 (IRIN) - Confirmed cases of A(H1N1) influenza, commonly known as swine flu, have been reported in new countries in the Middle East. Hitherto only Israel had reported cases of the new influenza virus. </description><body><![CDATA[DUBAI 25 May 2009 (IRIN) - Confirmed cases of A(H1N1) influenza, commonly known as swine flu, have been reported in new countries in the Middle East. Hitherto only Israel had reported cases of the new influenza virus. 
 
 • The United Arab Emirates confirmed its first case of A(H1N1) on 24 May. Health Minister Hanif Hassan said a man who had flown in from Canada was being treated in one of the country’s hospitals. He was no longer showing symptoms, but would be kept under observation there for 10 days. 
 
 • In Kuwait, about 18 US soldiers at a military base have tested positive for A(H1N1). The Kuwaiti authorities announced on 24 May that all the soldiers had left the country, that they had normal symptoms of the disease, and that they were given the necessary medication. The head of Kuwait's public health department, Yussef Mendkar, said the soldiers had had no contact with the local population. 
 
 • Israel, the first country to register confirmed cases in the region, announced its eighth case on 24 May. 
 
 • The authorities in Egypt’s Red Sea Governorate have hospitalised a German tourist who had arrived at Hurghada airport in the area with swine flu-like symptoms, according to a local newspaper. The man said he had visited a pig farm 10 days earlier in Germany. Medical samples have been sent to laboratories in Cairo for testing. 
 
 dvh/at/cb]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=84539</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/2009/200904291535440145t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">DUBAI 25 May 2009 (IRIN) - Confirmed cases of A(H1N1) influenza, commonly known as swine flu, have been reported in new countries in the Middle East. Hitherto only Israel had reported cases of the new influenza virus. </td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title>MIDDLE EAST: Uphill struggle boosting disaster risk reduction efforts</title><pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate><description><![CDATA[<img src="http://irinnews.org/images/200512293t.jpg" />]]>MANAMA 21 May 2009 (IRIN) - The Middle East has its fair share of natural disasters, but the notion of disaster risk reduction is new, and it is often difficult to persuade governments that funding it is worthwhile, experts say.</description><body><![CDATA[MANAMA 21 May 2009 (IRIN) - The Middle East has its fair share of natural disasters, but the notion of disaster risk reduction is new, and it is often difficult to persuade governments that funding it is worthwhile, experts say. 
 
 “The region is affected by disasters such as drought, cyclones, landslides and earthquakes. There are earthquake prone areas in North Africa and the Jordanian Valley. Floods are also a common hazard and have been occurring more frequently in recent years,” said Luna Abu-Swaireh, regional programme officer at the Cairo-based UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR). 
 
 Rapid economic and urban development has also concentrated people in hazard-prone cities, where little effort has gone into boosting risk reducing capacities, she said. 
 
 The impact of climate change is also felt. “Syria, for example, was severely affected by the worst drought ever [in 2008 and 2009]. In April, UAE [United Arab Emirates] had heavy rains and even very low temperatures on high ground,” Abu-Swaireh said. 
 
 According to the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), [see: http://www.emdat.be/] over the last 28 years about 37 million people in the Arab region have been affected by droughts, earthquakes, floods and storms, whilst Arab economies lost about US$19 billion during the same period. 
 
 The 2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Progress launched on 17 May in Bahrain said: “[Global] progress towards achieving the priorities for action contained in the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) remains mixed.” 
 
 Slow progress 
 
 Some progress has been made by Arab countries on disaster risk reduction, but “not at the speed required to fulfil the commitment of the Hyogo Framework for Action [HFA] by 2015,” Luna Abu-Swaireh said. 
 
 Only Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Yemen have been monitoring closely and reporting on the implementation of HFA. Bahrain and Egypt have set up national coordination mechanisms, whilst Jordan, Syria and Yemen have been working with the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank and others on hazard mapping and risk assessments, according to UNISDR. 
 
 “Action is very small compared to what Arab governments are saying,” said Emad Adly, general coordinator at the Arab Network for Environment and Development (RAED), a community-based regional NGO which promotes disaster risk reduction practices at community level. 
 
 “Arab countries say a lot about understanding the importance of risk reduction and the link between disasters and sustainable development in regional and international conferences, but this does not translate into plans on the ground,” he told IRIN. 
 
 “[Arab] NGOs have programmes such as reducing poverty or improving the livelihoods of rural areas, but are they aware that these are in the framework of a risk reduction strategy?” Adly asked. 
 
 Challenges 
 
 Funding remains the main challenge facing humanitarian workers wanting to implement disaster risk reduction projects in the region. 
 
 “People working in this field know that if a disaster happens they can find money for it. When the tsunami hit [parts of Asia] billions of dollars were donated. But to find funding for a development programme in Salt [a town in west-central Jordan], for example, is very difficult,” International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’ disaster management coordinator in the Middle East and North Africa, Abdel Qader Abu Awad, told IRIN. 
 
 “When we went to the old town in Salt, we found it has extremely narrow roads. If there were an earthquake in the area, no rescue vehicle would be able to enter the town,” he said. 
 
 Funding is also a problem at the local and national level. “There is huge resistance from governments and institutions to allocating money for safety,” said Mohamad al-Khalil from the Comprehensive Disaster Risk Reduction Programme at UNDP Syria. 
 
 “We proposed to the Ministry of Education [in Syria] a number of important measures related to the safety of school premises and the raising of awareness among schoolchildren. Despite the pressure we exerted, the sums allocated were insufficient,” he said. 
 
 dvh/ar/cb]]></body><link>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=84478</link><content:encoded><![CDATA[<table cellpadding="3"><tr><td valign="top"><img src="http://irinnews.org/images/200512293t.jpg"/></td><td valign="top">MANAMA 21 May 2009 (IRIN) - The Middle East has its fair share of natural disasters, but the notion of disaster risk reduction is new, and it is often difficult to persuade governments that funding it is worthwhile, experts say.</td></tr></table>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>
